The Indicators Used To Inform Observers about Improvements in Sustainability Free Essay Example, 2000 words

According to the research findings, it can, therefore, be said that together with a Sustainable Living Plan development, Unilever has set the targets that it is aiming to achieve and by what timeline. This information is absolutely transparent as the results (both success and failures) are published on the corporate website of the company. Some of the key indicators and metrics that the company is measuring the set targets include: % of raw materials coming from sustainable sources; The number of people whom the company helped to improve health and well-being through its brans: Signal, Lifebuoy, Pureit, and Dove; The number of beverages and foods that meet nationally recognized nutritional standards; The number of smallholder farmers whom the company helped and provided training; The number of Shakti women micro-entrepreneurs in India employed by the company. In addition to the above-listed indicators, Unilever is aimed to work on deforestation elimination, improving the livelihoods of smallholder farmers and improving food security, helping people gain access to proper sanitation, safe drinking water, and proper hygiene habits. Unilever faces a tough competition on behalf of the companies operating in the same sector and developing similarly innovative products. We will write a custom essay sample on The Indicators Used To Inform Observers about Improvements in Sustainability or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page Moreover, P G has also been recognized in one of the same ethical processes rankings as Unilever. On the one hand, the competition of businesses on the sustainability background is a positive trend towards making planet greener and improving lives of people in the communities.

The Importance of Understanding Cultural Differences in...

Due to globalization, organizations rely on international transactions to take place to keep their business running. Even with knowledge of how important international interactions are for their companies’ success, miscommunication occurs and someone involved in the transaction is left scratching his or her head. This is a result of the lack of cultural training and understanding. This paper will discuss the different implications that have been discussed in the international business world. This paper will address some of the common barriers in international business communications, the steps that have been taken to alleviate these problems, and future consideration for international business communication. What are some common†¦show more content†¦However, it is uncommon for native English speakers to speak another language. It becomes two sided, where one supports having English be the leading language, while others strongly disagree. (find support) James Calvert Scott mentioned in his article â€Å"the English language is not a monolith but a surprisingly diverse family of related varieties, each of which has idiosyncrasies† (Scott, 2000). This is one of the core reasons as to why forming a completely universal and world known version of the English language is virtually unreachable. Scott goes on in his article to discuss some of the problems that businessmen and women experience when they conduct international business, primarily with British English speakers. The article focuses on comparing the phrases and words that are used in American English and British English that can cause confusion when used among the different types of people. Something as simple as the word â€Å"allocate† can be confused in a simple conversation. In American English, â€Å"allocate† means to spread costs among multiple cost centers or units, whereas in British English, â€Å"allocate† means to attribute all costs to one center or unit (Table 2; Scott, 2000). So if the term â€Å"allocate† is used in a simple transaction among British and American businesspersons, it needs to be madeShow MoreRelatedA Brief Note On Cross Cultural Communication And Understanding Cultural Differences1625 Words   |  7 Pages Cross-Culture Communication Competence in Global Business Celeste Aisien Lo COMS 2331 Dr. Richard Bello April 29th 2015â€Æ' Competence in cross-cultural communication and understanding cultural differences is becoming more crucial in today’s society. Technology is advancing in a rapid pace and is allowing more opportunities in migration therefore existing countries has never had so much to do with each other until today. As a result of becoming inter-connected, global business is progressing rapidlyRead MoreThe Impact Of Culture On International Marketing Communication1486 Words   |  6 PagesSUMMARY Cultural factors have long been known to impact the communication and success capability of competition in conducting worldwide business. The objective of this report is to recognize the importance of cultural factors occurring in marketing communications. 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Collectivism1643 Words   |  7 PagesThe second Hofstede cultural dimension compared is â€Å"Individualism vs. Collectivism† which indicates whether members within a society define themselves as individuals or associate themselves with a particular group. In Hofstede’s comparison of Japanese and American cultures, American culture scored relatively high (91) in the individualism dimension. On the contrary, the Japanese culture scored relatively low (46) which firmly categorizes the culture as Collectivist. To clarify, Americans placesRead MoreCultural Differences That Inhibit Effective Intercul tural Communication879 Words   |  4 Pagesshrinking borders of the international business landscape demand keen interpretation of the unique cultural expectations of organizational partners. Guffey Loewy (2015) note that there are five distinct dimensions of cultural difference that inhibit effective intercultural communication. 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The ability of fast communication between people and places has boosted many companies to expand in other countries. Yet, cultural and linguistic differentiations are the most sustainable features companies need to take under consideration, in a strategic planning of setting up abroad. A firm needs to become progressively more aware of the foreign cultures when aiming in a successful future in an international business environment. Attitudes towards work and materialRead MoreThe Issue Of Language Boundaries838 Words   |  4 Pagesnegati ve emotional. There are so many differences like Body languages, eating food, Cloths wearing, communication. This paper describes the most well known and accepted new cultural with international language. These theories consider relations between new people And new culture. 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By comparing different types of cultural issuesRead MoreIntercultural Communication : Interaction Between International Students And Japanese Peers1451 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: Intercultural Communication refers to the int eraction between different cultural communities; the sharing of information across language and cultures is known as intercultural communication. The main aim of this communication is to understand the different culture, tradition and interact accordingly. The intercultural literacy provides understanding and satisfaction in the communication. They are many problems which are faced due to lack of proper intercultural communication. In an article named

Critically Evaluate How Far the Principle of ‘Pari Passu’ free essay sample

Vanessa Finch stated that ‘pari passu’ is ‘the normal rule in a corporate insolvency is that all creditors are treated on an equal footing ‘pari passu’- and share in insolvency assets pro rata according to their pre-insolvency entitlements or the sums they are owed. Security avoids the effects of pari passu distribution by creating rights that have priority over the claims of unsecured creditors. ’ To emphasize that, the statute itself confirms Finch’s ‘normal rule’, that all creditors of an insolvent company are to be treated ‘equally’. Basically, ‘there is a difference between treating people equal, with respect to one or another commodity or opportunity, and treating them as equals. ’ To illustrate that, the problem is that a rule based on formal equality does not take into account important differences between people, even thought those differences are relevant to any consideration of rule’s fairness. Generally, therefore, the determination of who are equals is not a concern of insolvency law. In Re Smith, Knight amp; Co Lord Romilly M. R. tated that ‘the Act of Parliament unquestionably says that everybody shall be paid ‘pari passu’, but that means everybody after the winding up has commenced. It does not mean that the court shall look into past transactions, and equalise all the creditors. ’ The general justification for the principle is its’ economical efficiency, in the sense that it reduces strategic costs and increases the aggregate pool of assets through the collectivity of dealings. Hence, it avoids the costs of dealing with claims on their individual merits. Indeed, Keay and Walton are of the view that the underlying aim behind the use of the equality principle is to produce fairness, so that every creditor is treated in the same way. Fairness, in the procedural and substantive senses, can also be said to be assured by the ‘pari passu’ principle as it prevents a race to enforce claims that is destined to be won by the strongest, wealthiest, and it also involves equality of treatment between unsecured creditors. In fact, it has been seen as a way of preventing an intra-class race to enforce claims and can therefore be described as bringing about equality of treatment between unsecured creditors. However, the application of the ‘pari passu’ principal is not absolute, nor does it achieve its aim with any degree of spectacular success as noted by the Cork Report.. The ‘pari passu’ principle is rather less important than it is sometimes made out to be, and does not fulfill any of the functions often attributed to it. For reasons of policy insolvency law provides certain deviations. The principle of ‘pari passu’ distribution of assets does not apply to the rights of secured creditors, suppliers of goods under agreements reserving the title or creditors for whom the company holds assets on trust. To bear this in mind, unsecured creditors usually receive little, by the of dividend also, it is argued that what the law disallows is not evasion of the ‘pari passu’ principle as such but rather attempts to by-pass the collective mechanism which an insolvency proceedings is designed to produce. Indeed, it is important to bear in mind impact of ‘pari passu’ principle in consideration. There are various types of arrangements, which are not considered to offend against this particular principle. These include ‘subordination agreements, provisions for acceleration of liability on winding-up, interests limited by reference to solvency†¦provision for termination on winding-up of interest annexed to membership status. ’ In Money Markets Ltd v London Stock Exchange Ltd Neurberger J. held that ‘it is not possible to discern a coherent rule to enable one to assess in any particular case whether such a provision falls foul of the principle.. and it is not entirely easy to reconcile the conclusions, and indeed the reasoning, in some of the cases. Thus, there are agreements which contravene the ‘pari passu’ principle, such as ‘provision for divestment of ownership on winding-up, vesting clauses in building contracts, direct payment in building contracts, provision for security or increased security on winding-up, sale with provision for retransfer on winding-up. ’ At this point, it is worth noting that modern insolvency law recognizes that some exceptions to the ‘pari passu’ rule are necessary and permits of exceptions. Also, F. Oditah explained that ‘pari passu’ principle ‘does not explain the obvious truth that insolvency law largely respects rights acquired prior to insolvency. During the course of exceptions, the first is a right of insolvency set-off, which is well-established principle of insolvency law ‘that where there are mutual debts existing between a creditor and an insolvent company, the smaller debt is to be set against the larger debt and only the balance is to be paid to the creditor out of the insolvency estate. ’ Set-off applies whenever there have been mutual credits, mutual debits or other mutual dealings, before the onset of liquidation, between the debtor and any of its creditors. So insolvency set-off responds to the principle of respecting legitimate expectations. In Forster v. Wilson Parke B. stated that ‘the aim of insolvency set-off is not to avoid circuity of action, the main consideration underlying set-off between solvent parties, but to do substantial justice between the parties. ’ In fact, the expenses properly incurred in the winding-up, including the remuneration of the liquidator, are payable out of the assets in priority to all other claims. The statute provides that creditors claims are to be treated as part of the expenses of liquidation are matters not of proof but of payment. This of course is to the advantage of creditors. In Re Levi amp; Co. Ltd it was explained that ‘it enables many post-liquidation creditors to be paid in full and, in certain circumstances, to receive payment in respect of pre-liquidation obligations. ’ The Cork Committee noted that ‘pari passu’ distribution of uncharged assets was in practice seldom, if ever, attained because, in the overwhelming majority of cases, the existence of preferential debts frustrated such distribution. Preferential unsecured creditors rank above other unsecured creditors as well as above creditors holding a floating charge. Since they are payable after winding-up expenses, pre-preferential creditors also rank above floating charges. In Re M. C. Bacon Ltd. (No. 2) Millett J. held that ‘such expenses did not include the cost incurred in proceedings initiated by the liquidator to set aside the floating charge as a transaction at an undervalue and a preference. ’ Indeed, various types of debt have been deferred by statute. These include debts owed by the insolvent to a director found liable for wrongful or fraudulent trading, and ordered to be deferred by the court. Moreover, claims held by the debtors shareholders or other members qua members also fall under this head. As the result, the claims of creditors able to assert set-off, utility companies, post-liquidation, pre-liquidation creditors with post-insolvency leverage, different types of preferential claims, claims of deferred creditors, all fall outside the purview of the ‘pari passu’ principle. These deviations from the ‘normal rule’ might be ‘something of a minor qualification’ to be equality norm. With respect, such assertions push the ‘pari passu’ principle to the force as currently the dominant method for distribution of insolvent estates. To emphasize above information, the principle of ‘pari passu’ that creditors should be treated equally, that the insolvent’s assets should be shared proportionately between them and their debts should abate and be paid in ‘equal steps’ is not fundamental, nor does it achieve spectacular success. Indeed, it is important to look to alternative approaches in order to achieve more satisfactory modes of distribution. Also, it is important to consider whether the current exceptions to ‘pari passu’ are in need of reform. According to Ho Swan, ‘saying the ‘pari pass’ principle is fundamental does not make it so.

Religion, Fact Or Fiction Essays - Pseudoscience, Creation Myths

Religion, Fact Or Fiction The human mind is easily convinced on what the eyes tell the mind. If you see something in front of yourself, you might have an easier time believing, than if one was to tell a story. Religion is a story that has been told for thousands of years, and not till technology has ripened have scientists disproved many beliefs. It is now that mankind lets religion restrain the mind from portraying the truth about life. Some people claim that science does not have all of the answers when it comes to the business of life. They are right. Science is less a body of facts than it is is a method of establishing claims about the universe. Claims, which can be tested and measured, reviewed and evaluated. Science cannot tell you if a certain ethical decision is correct, or make judgments about abstractions such as beauty or values. Even so, it can tell us much about the planet we populate, how we evolved, and how much of the universe is out there to date. We can know for certain many things, or at least be reasonably sure of their truth. We know that the earth moves in orbit about the sun, not the opposite as was believed for many generations. As scientific knowledge has expanded, it has confronted numerous religions and beliefs. Religionists have been uncomfortable with these new revelations. People who try to seek absolute truth in the pages of the Holy Book such as the Bible, are left as blind. How is a person supposed to reconcile their interpretations with the scientific facts growing day by day in contradictory of their beliefs? It is not easy. While most religionist today read and hear about scientific evidence, they cling to the thought of truth spoke through the Bible. Angels, for instance, have never been detected or examined in a scientific inquiry; but a shocking percentage of Americans, 65% of the U.S. population(n.y.times4/12/88), believes that these supernatural people exist, running errands for God, or helping people in time of need. This whole belief system is a throwback to earlier times in human history, when the world was enchanted, populated with mystical and religious entities of all sorts (Greek Gods for example). Its existence today is a shadow land of beliefs, which co-exist with our more enlightened views about the universe. For most people, their view of the world rests with one foot in consciousness and the other ignorance. One of the more curious artifacts of supernatural belief is so-called Scientific Creationism. A quest to balance the minds interpretations of the Judeo-Christian Bible with the findings of modern science. Decades after the famous Monkey trial which debated the pros and cons of evolutionary discovery, we are still repeating this argument in the nation's public schools. The evolution on-creation debate which now rages in the United States, and elsewhere is tied to other issues. This includes prayer in schools, and indeed the role of religious instruction in the classroom and other civic institutions. It is also a highly charged, emotional debate. Creationists see evolution as part of a larger agenda aimed at religious belief itself. In a peculiar way, they may well be correct. But as with any debate, we should weigh the evidence and examine these raw facts as dispassionately as we can. Does the creationist view of the universe make sense? Is it a scientific claim, or a religious creed? And do the facts of modern science require the existence of a God? These questions may be answered now. Birds, which, according to both creation myths in Genesis, were created on the same day as fish,(Genesis) do not enter the fossil record until the Jurassic Period 190-136 million years ago(Encarta). Representing an ultimate variation on the dinosaur theme, birds trace their descent from reptiles. This is quite different from those ancestral to the mammals. Contrary to the claims of some creationists, evolutionists do not claim that reptiles evolved into birds and birds evolved into mammals! The evolutionists prove the differ. If either of the biblical myths were true, all types of vertebrates, living types of mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish, would be found along with bacteria and trilobites at